The oldest civilizations of the world

Civilization is: Arts and cultural and historical traditions, inheritance, and the amount of scientific and technical progress enjoyed by the people in a particular era in history.

- And there is a view believe that the cradle of civilization, is one of five countries, namely "Mesopotamia" But this is just an opinion disputed, as most scientists believe that civilization did not originate in one place, but grew up in most of the country, "Egypt, the country Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, Shang, Central America, the Andes in South America. "
- Here is a classification of the oldest civilizations of the world ..

1. civilization of Mesopotamia - Mesopotamia

Mesopotamian civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, and is believed to be located in the river Fertile area, which is currently located in Iraq between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, making the area very suitable for agriculture, which made this area one of the first farming communities in the world.

- Months and months civilization is the civilization of Sumer and Akkad, Babylon and Assyria and Chaldeans.

- The first cities arose in the "summer" in the reign of "Uruk", and over the years Mesopotamia was ruled by the Greeks, Persians, Mongols and Muslim Turks.

2. civilization of ancient Egypt 

The civilization of ancient Egypt, is one of the oldest civilizations in the world.

Ancient Egyptians civilization centered on the banks of the Nile River in what is now known as the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Egyptian civilization began around the year 3150 BC, when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt, and then evolved over the subsequent three millennia

Historically included a series of politically stable Kingdoms, punctuated by periods of relative stability are called intermediate periods.

Ancient Egypt reached the peak of civilization in the era of the modern state, and then entered the country in a period of slow decline.

Egypt was attacked in that period by many foreign powers, and officially ended the rule of the Pharaohs while Romanian Empire invaded Egypt and made it one of its provinces

Derived success of ancient Egyptian civilization in the ability to adapt to the Nile River Valley conditions. And helped flood forecasting and control over their damage in the production of agricultural crops and ample contributed to the social and cultural development.

The authorities With the availability of the necessary exploitation of minerals in the valley and desert areas surrounding material, and has developed an independent writing system, and organized collective construction and agricultural projects, as well as trade with the surrounding areas, and to strengthen its military forces military to defend against enemies abroad and confirm the dominance of Pharaonic on the country.

Has been organizing these activities and are stimulated by a group of bureaucrats, religious leaders and administrators under the control of the pharaoh who was keen on cooperation and unity of the Egyptians in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs.

Achievements included the ancient Egyptians quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building massive pyramids, temples and obelisks, in addition to a practical and effective system of mathematics in medicine. And irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, and the first known ships, Egyptian faience and glass painting technology, and new forms of literature, and the first known peace treaty. Ancient Egypt has left a lasting legacy. And copied and imitated Egyptian civilization, art and architecture on a large scale in the world, quotes effects to distant parts of the world. And inspired the ruins and remains of travelers and writers imagination for centuries, and led discoveries in the early to talk about the effects of fossils Egyptian era to the scientific research of the Egyptian civilization manifested itself in the science called Egyptology, and further appreciation of the cultural heritage in Egypt and the world.

3. Indus Valley Civilization - Indus Valley 

 

 - Is a civilization originated 4,500 years ago in Pakistan currently and North India over the Indus River.

Indus Valley civilization was one of the world's first great civilizations. This civilization began to flourish around 4,500 year ago, and was stationed in the vast river valleys, an area now known as Pakistan and northwest India. These are called civilization sometimes civilization of Harappa. This civilization and gained its name from the city of Harappa Pakistani name, where archaeologists discovered the first evidence to suggest the existence of civilization.

4. civilization of China  

  Inca (Inca or Inka) ancient empire built by the people of the Indians in South America, the largest empires in South America in the era before the Colombian, the same strike civilization in the foot, including the land of the Incas Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, part of Chile and Argentina, they built their capital Cusco, a luxurious and full of temples, palaces, city located at an altitude of 11,000 feet above sea level in the Andes has been called the Holy City of the Sun name, has an area of ​​990000 square kilometers.

- Was the beginning of the Andes in about 1100 BC, and continued until the Spanish conquest in 1532. The civilization of the peoples of the Incas to the onlookers seemed to lag behind in the form and manner of living but left a strange and puzzling imprint damage myths that says they came from outer space to the splendor of the legacy he left him